Nightfox 100V Widescreen Digital Night Vision Infrared Binocular with Zoom 3×20 Review

Nightfox 100V Widescreen Digital Night Vision Infrared Binocular with Zoom 3x20

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  • Revolutionary widescreen viewing monitor – comfortable viewing with both eyes, even useable with glasses
  • Viewing range of up to and over 110 yards at night, 3x fixed magnification with a 2x digital zoom button (6x magnification total)
  • Straightforward and instantaneous operation
  • 6hrs battery life on eight AA batteries
  • 18 month warranty and Nightfox product support

Easy on the eye.
The Nightfox 100V is a new type of of digital night vision device that’s easier to use, and at a much lower price. It’s similar to a normal night vision monocular, but with one large widescreen viewing monitor for both eyes. You can even use the comfortable eyepiece whilst wearing glasses.

Clear as day.
Because the Nightfox’s digital sensor is highly sensitive, in ambient light such as at dusk or dawn you don’t need to use the built-in infrared illumination to see far. There are 7 levels of IR illumination to use in different conditions. The highest level is powerful enough to see up to 110 yards at night. Thanks to a high frames-per-second camera sensor, the widescreen video monitor displays crisp, seamless footage that’s easy on the eye.

Instant operation.
The Nightfox has been made as easy to use as possible. Start up is instantaneous, and while you’re observing, three buttons (controlling the power, zoom, and IR illumination) and a focus wheel are right at your fingertips. Set up the 100V for extended periods, such as wildlife observation, using the tripod thread on the base.

Tough and dependable.
The Nightfox 100V uses digital technology, so unlike traditional analogue night vision devices it doesn’t experience illumination overexposure from high levels of light. It will operate for up to 6 hours on 8x AA batteries (not included), in temperatures from -4°F to 140°F, and the solid construction and tough plastic case protect it from wear-and-tear.

Nightfox guaranteed.
Unlike many Amazon sellers, you can trust us to provide excellent customer support, and you can be assured that our standard 18 month warranty isn’t a false promise. We’re available by phone or email to provide product support and help with any queries.

AmScope M500B-MS-P Digital Monocular Compound Microscope, WF10x and WF20x Eyepieces, 40x-2000x Magnification, Anti-Mold Optics, Tungsten Illumination, Brightfield, Abbe Condenser, Coarse and Fine Focus, Plain Stage with Mechanical Specimen Holder, 110V, Includes 0.3MP Camera with Reduction Lens and Software Review

AmScope M500B-MS-P Digital Monocular Compound Microscope, WF10x and WF20x Eyepieces, 40x-2000x Magnification, Anti-Mold Optics, Tungsten Illumination, Brightfield, Abbe Condenser, Coarse and Fine Focus, Plain Stage with Mechanical Specimen Holder, 110V, Includes 0.3MP Camera with Reduction Lens and Software

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  • Digital compound microscope and a 0.3MP camera with reduction lens and USB 2.0 output for capturing or displaying images on a computer or projector
  • Monocular viewing head with interchangeable 10x and 20x widefield eyepieces, fixed 45-degree vertical inclination to reduce eye and neck strain, 360-degree rotation capability to enable sharing, and anti-mold head to preserves optics in high-humidity area
  • Forward-facing nosepiece with precision-ground 4x, 10x, 40xS, and 100xS (oil) DIN achromatic glass objectives provide color correction of magnified images
  • Brightfield imaging with rheostat-controlled tungsten (incandescent) illumination and spiral-control 1.25 NA Abbe condenser with iris diaphragm and color filter
  • Plain stage with clips to secure specimen and mechanical specimen holder to provide precise movement and record measurements; coaxial coarse and fine focus on rack-and-pinion mechanism to provide precise focus, and tension control to prevent stage drift
  • 40X-2000X Precise glass optical magnification settings
  • Sturdy metal framework with Separate coarse and fine focusing and mechanical stage

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The AmScope M500B-MS-P digital monocular compound microscope has interchangeable 10x and 20x widefield eyepieces, a forward-facing nosepiece with four DIN achromatic objectives, tungsten illumination, coaxial separate coarse and fine focus, a 1.25 NA Abbe condenser, and a plain stage with a mechanical specimen holder. The 0.3MP camera has a CMOS color sensor, a reduction lens, image capture and editing software, and USB 2.0 output to capture or display still or video images on a computer or projector. The monocular viewing head has a fixed 45-degree vertical inclination to reduce eye and neck strain, and 360-degree rotation capability to enable sharing. An anti-mold head preserves optics in high-humidity areas. The forward-facing revolving nosepiece has 4x, 10x, 40xS, and 100xS (oil) DIN achromatic objectives that provide color correction of magnified images. The 40xS and 100xS objectives are spring loaded to prevent damage to the slide or objective when focusing. The 100xS oil-immersion objective uses oil between the specimen and the objective lens to provide increased resolution over a standard objective. The fully-coated optical system provides sharp, high-resolution images. A digital compound microscope is used for inspection and dissection of specimens when two-dimensional images are desired, and where image capture, detailed records, or documentation is required.

The 0.3MP digital camera has a CMOS color sensor for displaying still microscopy images and streaming live videos to a computer or projector. The camera has 40x magnification and a 0.37x reduction lens that ensures that the display has a similar field of view as the microscope eyepiece. The camera can be mounted in a C-Mount or any 23mm eye tube. The camera includes image capture and editing software that provides still image and live video capture and editing capability, including measurement functions. The software supports JPG, TIF, GIF, PSD, WMF, and BMP file formats and is compatible with Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 8; Mac OS X; and Linux. Camera drivers are compatible with Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 8; Mac OS X; and Linux. The software includes Windows APIs for native C/C++, C#, DirectShow, Twain, and LabVIEW that enable custom application development. The camera has a USB 2.0 data port (cable included).

The microscope has lower (diascopic) Brightfield illumination that transmits light up through the specimen for enhanced visibility of translucent and transparent objects. Brightfield (BF) illumination allows the specimen to absorb light, resulting in a dark image on a light background. Tungsten (incandescent) illumination provides bright light, and a rheostat controls the amount of light emanating from the lamp. The 1.25 NA Abbe condenser can be adjusted to control the distance of the light from the stage and has an iris diaphragm to optimize the amount of light illuminating the specimen. The condenser is controlled using a spiral mechanism. The plain stage has clips to secure the specimen in place, and is 4-3/8 x 4-3/4 inches (110 x 120mm) (W x D; where W is width, the horizontal distance from left to right; D is depth, the horizontal distance from front to back). A mechanical specimen holder can be added to the plain stage to provide precise movement, perform measurements, and record coordinates. Separate coaxial coarse and fine focus eases focusing for left- and right-handed viewers, and a rack-and-pinion mechanism provides precise and secure focusing. Focus tension control prevents stage drift. All the mechanical parts of the microscope are constructed of metal to provide durability and resistance to wear. The metal frame has a stain-resistant enamel finish for durability and to ease cleaning.

Microscope Specifications
Head Monocular
Eyepieces WF10x, WF20x (23mm)
Lenses 10x, 20x, 40xS, 100xS (oil) DIN achromatic (20mm)
Stage Plain stage with stage clips and mechanical specimen holder
Focus Coaxial coarse and fine
Condenser 1.25 NA Abbe
Light source Tungsten with rheostat, 20W
Diaphragm Iris
Illumination type Brightfield (BF)
Power 110V

Camera Specifications
Resolution 0.3MP (640 x 480 effective pixels)
Image type Still image and video display and capture
Camera type Brightfield
Camera sensor 1/4″ Aptina CMOS (color)
Magnification 40x
Reduction lens 0.37x
Mounting size 23mm or C-Mount
Frame rate 79fps at 320×240; 30fps at 640×480
Computer connection USB 2.0
File formats JPG, TIF, GIF, PSD, WMF, BMP
Software package Image capture and editing for Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 8; Mac OS X; and Linux
Camera driver compatibility Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 8; Mac OS X; and Linux

Microscopes are instruments used to enhance the resolution of an object or image. Types include compound, stereo, or digital. Compound microscopes use a compound optical system with an objective lens and an eyepiece. Stereo microscopes show object depth in a three-dimensional image. Digital microscopes are used to display an image on a monitor, rather than looking through a lens. Microscopes can have monocular (one), binocular (two), or trinocular (three) eyepieces, with varying magnification abilities. Magnification ability refers to the size of an image. Resolution, also known as resolvant power, refers to the clarity of the image. The interaction between field of view (FOV), numerical aperture (NA), and working distance (WD) determines resolution. Microscopes can control magnification through a fixed focus, or through a range of adjustments. They can also utilize LED, fluorescent, and mirror light sources to help control viewing capabilities. Microscopes are widely used in education, lab research, biology, metallurgy, engineering, chemistry, manufacturing, and in the medical, forensic science, and veterinary industries.

United Scope manufactures microscopy equipment and accessories under the brand name AmScope. The company, founded in 1996, is headquartered in Irvine, CA.

What’s in the Box?

  • AmScope M500B-MS-P microscope with plain stage and mechanical specimen holder
  • WF10x eyepiece, 23mm
  • WF20x eyepiece, 23mm
  • 4x DIN achromatic objective, 20mm
  • 10x DIN achromatic objective, 20mm
  • 40xS DIN achromatic objective, 20mm
  • 100xS (oil) DIN achromatic objective, 20mm
  • Mechanical specimen holder
  • 0.3MP digital camera (MU035)
  • 0.37x reduction lens
  • Software CD
  • USB 2.0 cable
  • (2) Stage clips
  • Wrench
  • Color filter
  • Immersion oil
  • Spare bulb
  • Dust cover
  • Instructions

Gosky Titan 25×70 Astronomy Binoculars, Giant Binocular Braced-in Tripod Adapter,Carrying Case,Shield Digiscoping Adapter Star Gazing (25×70 Astronomy Binoculars + Smartphone Mount) Review

Gosky Titan 25x70 Astronomy Binoculars, Giant Binocular Braced-in Tripod Adapter,Carrying Case,Shield Digiscoping Adapter Star Gazing (25x70 Astronomy Binoculars + Smartphone Mount)

Color:25×70 Astronomy Binoculars + Smartphone Mount

Gosky Giant 25×70 Astronomy Binoculars provide high-resolution images with fully multi-coated optics. This minimizes the loss of light due to reflection, thereby ensuring a more natural, clearer view. With great optics as well as wide views, these binoculars are the perfect choices to have during outdoor activities such as hiking, viewing wildlife, bird-watching or sport events. Features and Benefits: BAK4 Prism Optics: BAK-4 roof prisms and fully multi-coated optics guarantee higher brightness and crisp, clear images. Large 70mm Objective Lens: Large 70 mm objective lens offer maximum image brightness in low-light conditions, gobble up light for spectacular views of the Moon, planets, star clusters. Rubber Armor Protection: Equipped with a durable and rugged armor to withstand the toughest weather conditions. 15x Magnification: The 15x magnification is great for both astronomical and terrestrial viewing, brings the distant beautiful dnature close to you. Sturdy Tripod Adapter: Sturdy tripod adapter can be mounted on a tripod for steady, hands-free viewing. Quick & Easy Focusing: The large center focus for easy and quick focusing. The soft, rubber foldable eyecups are comfortable to use with or without eyeglasses. Super Easy to Use: First use the center adjustment to get it focused correctly for the left eye. Then close your left eye and look only through your right eye and adjust the right eyepiece until it comes into focus. Now you are able to see clearly with both eyes! Specifications Magnification: 15x Objective Lens: 70mm Prism type: Porro Prism Glass: BAK-4 Exit Pupil: 4mm Optical Coating: Multi Coated Focusing System: Centre Field of View: 77m@1000m Close Focus (ft/m): 72/22 Eye Relief: 18 mm Weight: 56 oz

Leica 8 x 20 BCL Ultravid with Brown Leather Case 40263 Review

Leica 8 x 20 BCL Ultravid with Brown Leather Case 40263

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  • Fine leather covering.
  • Foldable, compact, and light.
  • Ideal for concerts, sports, and all events.

Sharper, brighter, and more functional than previous compact binoculars of a similar size. These miniature binoculars are only small in size, not performance. The use of aspherical lenses offers the observer sharpness to the edge with no color fringing. The Ultravids are covered with black leather for a classic, elegant look. They are also waterproof to 16 feet.

OMAX 40X-2000X Digital Lab LED Binocular Compound Microscope with Double Layer Mechanical Stage and USB Digital Camera Review

OMAX 40X-2000X Digital Lab LED Binocular Compound Microscope with Double Layer Mechanical Stage and USB Digital Camera

This is a digital biological binocular compound microscope that includes a digital imaging system. The digital microscopy comes with a 45° inclined 360° swiveling binocular sliding viewing head, two pairs of widefield eyepieces, four achromatic objectives, stain-resistant double layer mechanical stage with scales, coarse & fine focusing, NA 1.25 Abbe condenser and variable intensity LED transmitted illumination system. It offers eight levels of magnification power: 40X-80X-100X-200X-400X-800X-1000X-2000X. The USB digital imaging system that captures microscope images and live video on computer. The included software compatible with Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10 can be used to make measurements, You can view and capture the images on iMac or Macbook with Mac OS too. It is easy to mount a darkfield condenser to switch a brightfield microscope to a darkfield microscope. This type of digital compound microscopy is perfect for teaching demonstration and clinical examination, laboratories and advanced applications.

Nikon Monarch 5 10X42 Binoculars 7577 Review

Nikon Monarch 5 10X42 Binoculars 7577

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  • All MONARCH 5 binoculars are now built with Nikon’s premium ED (Extra-Low Dispersion) Glass for a sharper, clearer and more brilliant field of view.
  • Almost an ounce lighter than its predecessor, the new MONARCH 5 is even easier to bring along on your next adventure.
  • Fully Multicoated Eco-Glass Lenses provide a high light transmittance across the entire visible light spectrum. Apparent FOV: 51.3°
  • It is equipped with user-friendly features such as Turn-and-Slide Rubber Eyecups, a Smooth Central Focus Knob and Flip Down Lens Caps.
  • It is equipped with user-friendly features such as Turn-and-Slide Rubber Eyecups, a Smooth Central Focus Knob and Flip Down Lens Caps.

Almost an ounce lighter than its predecessor and built with Nikon ED (extra-low dispersion) glass lenses, the new MONARCH 5 is a serious contender to be the “go-to” binocular for any outdoor enthusiast. The MONARCH 5 delivers sharp, high-contrast views that are the result of a state-of-the-art optical system. Featuring Nikon’s premium ED Glass lenses and Dielectric High-Reflective Multilayer Prism Coatings, the MONARCH 5 displays exceptionally accurate color reproduction and a clear, natural looking image. Each of its Eco-Glass lenses are Fully Multicoated to provide maximum resolution and light transmission.

M1SURPLUS Tactical Optics Combo Kit with Mark III 3-9×42 Illuminated Rifle Scope + Quick Deploy Compact Bipod – fits Weaver Picatinny Mossberg 715t S&W 15-22 Ruger SR22 Precision Rifle Review

M1SURPLUS Tactical Optics Combo Kit with Mark III 3-9x42 Illuminated Rifle Scope + Quick Deploy Compact Bipod - fits Weaver Picatinny Mossberg 715t S&W 15-22 Ruger SR22 Precision Rifle

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  • M1SURPLUS Tactical Optics Combo Kit !!!!
  • NcStar Mark III 3-9×42 Tactical Rifle Scope With illuminated Reticle Pattern
  • Integral Quick Detach Mount Will Fit Most Weaver / Picatinny Style Rails
  • Compact Size Adjustable Bipod With Various Mounting Adapters
  • This Item Cannot Be Exported

M1SURPLUS Tactical Optics Combo Kit !!!! — ( SCOPE FEATURES ) – Locking Quick Release mount and a more compact QR Lever, Lowered BDC Turret height, Blue / Green Color Illuminated reticle with multiple brightness settings for each color, 100-500 yard Drop Compensator (BDC) calibrated for .223/55gr., Fully Multi Coated Lenses, Integrated Slant Cut Sun Shade, Black Anodized exterior finish, Includes lens covers and batteries,MAGNIFICATION: 3x – 9x, OBJECTIVE DIA. (mm): 42mm, FOV (FEET AT 100 YARDS): 36.8 feet – 12.0 feet EYE RELIEF (in): 2.0 inches, EXIT PUPIL(mm): 14.0mm – 4.7mm, NET WEIGHT (oz): 17.3, LENGTH (in): 7.5 inches, CLICK VALUE : 1/2 M.O.A, LENS COATING: GREEN, RETICLE: illuminated Range Estimating Pattern, MAGNIFICATION: 3x – 9x, OBJECTIVE DIA. (mm): 42mm FOV (FEET AT 100 YARDS): 36.8 feet – 12.0 feet, EYE RELIEF (in): 2.0 inch, EXIT PUPIL(mm): 14.0mm – 4.7mm, NET WEIGHT (oz): 17.3, LENGTH (in): 7.5 inches, CLICK VALUE : 1/2 M.O.A, LENS COATING: GREEN — / Bipod Features – Black anodized finish – Individual Leg Adjustments – Legs also fold under for convenient storage/transportation – The bipod by itslef will attach directly to the sling swivel stud found on the underside of many rifles. Can also be used on rifles without a sling swivel stud with included adaptors. Includes mounting adaptors: Universal clamp on barrel mount and Weaver/Picatinny Adapter Mount – The mounting adaptors allow this bipod to be attached on many different rifle. This bipod does Not swivel from side to side. Carrying your rifle with a sling or shooting off-hand is not impeded by the use of this Bipod. It’s light enough not to affect the balance of the rifle very much yet strong enough to be used in harsh environments – These items are Brand New With Manufacture Warranty Against Defects

Vixen Optics VMC200L Reflector Telescope (5829) Review

Vixen Optics VMC200L Reflector Telescope (5829)

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  • Tube Length: 20-Inch; Tube Weight: 13 lbs
  • Includes Metal Carry Handle and Dovetail mounting rail
  • Open Tube = Short Cool Down

The VMC200L Reflector Telescope is a unique 200mm, 8-Inch catadioptric optical system. It incorporates a primary mirror and a meniscus corrector just before a secondary mirror. By doing so, light is corrected twice on the optical path. The end result is that spherical aberration and field curvature are corrected to a high degree of optical performance. The VMC200L’s primary mirror is f/2.5; the compound optical system is f/9.75. This makes the system much more compact and portable than its competition. With the optical correction placed before the secondary mirror, the VMC200L avoids the necessity of having a corrector plate and all the dewing problems associated with a closed optical tube. An additional key feature is the rack and pinion focusing that is placed behind the primary mirror. The use of this focusing system eliminates the image shift associated with most other SCT systems. This is especially important when using high power magnification or astro-photography. When focusing, the image is stable and easy to adjust. Astronomy Technology says -Inchthe f/9.75 focal ratio is noticeably faster than the typical Maksutov design ..which translates into a wider true field of view. Reaching focus is easy…Lightweight, portable, 8 inches of aperture, fast cool down, zero image shift, and reasonably priced – I guess it may be possible to have your cake and eat it too.-Inch The VMC200L Reflector features a catadioptric -InchField Maksutov-Inch type design with two spherical mirrors and a meniscus corrector element behind the secondary mirror passed twice by the light. The open tube has shorter cool down times compared to other 8-Inch SCT.s The VMC200L Reflector is made in Japan and is covered by a Five Year Warranty.

Zoomion Gravity 150 EQ, 6 inch Reflector Astronomical Telescope with 150mm Aperture and 750mm Focal Length Review

Zoomion Gravity 150 EQ, 6 inch Reflector Astronomical Telescope with 150mm Aperture and 750mm Focal Length

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  • Newtonian reflector telescope for the Moon, planets, star clusters and nebulae
  • 459 times more light than the naked eye alone – lets you see far distant and faint objects
  • Follow the stars exactly – astronomical mount with slow motions for precisely tracking objects
  • Standard 1.25″ focuser – can accept almost all standard accessories
  • Included in delivery – telescope, equatorial mount, tripod, 6×30 finder-scope, lunar filter, erecting lens and 2 eyepieces (25mm and 6.5mm)

Travel to other worlds – right from your own garden

Going to the stars is easier than you thought – it begins with the Zoomion Gravity 150EQ telescope. This telescope is so compact that you can carry it easily anywhere. So set out on an adventure in space. You’ll be amazed at everything you can discover!

The advantages in a nutshell:

– complete telescope with optics, mount and tripod large aperture for deep sky objects – 150mm diameter mirror

– 750mm focal length

– just follow the stars – astronomical mount with slow-motion controls for precise tracking of objects

– large range of accessories, including eyepieces

Telescope with 150mm of aperture – countless objects direct in your eyepiece
With an aperture of 150mm, this telescope provides you with a bright image. You can now enjoy observing even rather dim objects in the universe directly through the eyepiece. Or observe Saturn with its rings, including the famous Cassini division. Or travel light years further with this telescope – on to star clusters and hydrogen nebulae.

Astronomical mount – keep objects in the field of view
The Gravity 150EQ telescope has an astronomical mount. If you have an object in sight, you can easily compensate for the Earth’s rotation with the slow-motion controls. This means objects can always be kept in the centre of the field of view. In telescopes without this mount, objects will drift out of sight again. But not in this! Concentrate on the night sky, not on the telescope. So you can observe completely relaxed.

Experience amazing astronomical moments with the Zoomion Gravity150. You need nothing more than a clear starry sky.

This list of accessories is included

– 25mm eyepiece

Nikon 7540 MONARCH 3 8×42 Binocular (Black) Review

Nikon 7540 MONARCH 3 8x42 Binocular (Black)

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  • High Reflective Silver Alloy Phase corrected prisms – helps eliminate the degradation of the image caused by different light phases reflecting in the binocular.
  • Fully Multicoated – all lens surfaces are multicoated with anti-reflective coatings
  • Polycarbonate Body – designed to be rugged and durable
  • Multi-click Turn and Slide Eyecups with generous eye relief – great for eyeglass wearers

Size:8×42

Product Description

The Benchmark of Performance :The new Monarch 3 is setting the standard for quality in binoculars. With high reflected phase correction coated roof prisms and fully multi-coated lenses, this binocular is designed to outshine the competition!

From the Manufacturer

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PERFORMANCE JUST GOT A NEW NUMBER! With its legendary MONARCH bloodlines and enhanced optical system— the all-new MONARCH 3 can maximize every moment you spend in the field— with incredibly bright, high-resolution views from the first rays of light until the very last. Designed for a lifetime of tough and exciting adventures, this binocular comes equipped with multi-click, turn-and-and-slide rubber eyecups, long eye relief and a new lightweight and rugged, yet sleek and comfortable, ATB body. The all-new MONARCH 3, the new benchmark of performance. Available in 10x42mm and 8x42mm models.

Technical Specs:

  • Focusing System – Center Focus
  • Magnification – 8x or 10x
  • Objective Diameter (mm) – 42
  • FOV @ 1000 yds – 299 to 330 ft
  • Close Focus Distance (ft) – 9.8
  • Exit Pupil (mm) – 4.2
  • Eye Relief (mm) – 17.4 to 24.1
  • Waterproof/Fogproof – Yes
  • Prism coating – High Reflective Silver Alloy Phase corrected prisms

High Reflective Silver Alloy Phase corrected prisms – helps eliminate the degradation of the image caused by different light phases reflecting in the binocular.

 Fully Multicoated lenses and prisms

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 Polycarbonate Body with Rubber Armor – designed to be rugged and durable

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Multi-click Turn and Slide Eyecups with generous eye relief – great for eyeglass wearers

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New Objective Lens Covers
 

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Nikon MONARCH 3 Additional Highlights

  • Unique Ergonomic Design – Soft feel that helps you stay comfortable for long periods of glassing
  • Tripod Adaptable
  • Waterproof / Fogproof – Nitrogen filled and O-Ring sealed

Warranty Information

Nikon is dedicated to quality, performance and total customer satisfaction. If your Nikon binocular, Spotting Scope or Fieldscope requires service or repair not covered by our 25 Year Limited Warranty, Nikon will repair or replace it (even it was your fault) for just $10, plus return shipping and handling.
Excludes – StabilEyes, Laser Rangefinders and Spotting Scope/Fieldscope eyepieces.

FAQ’s

Real field of view
Real field of view is the angle of the visible field, seen without moving the binoculars, measured from the central point of the objective lens. The larger the value is, the wider the viewfield available. For example, binoculars with a wider field of view are advantageous for locating fast-moving wild birds within the viewfield. This also applies for finding small nebulas or a cluster of stars in astronomical observations.

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Apparent field of view

Apparent field of view is the angle of the magnified field when you look through binoculars.
The larger the apparent field of view is, the wider the field of view you can see even at high magnifications.

With the conventional method used previously, the apparent field of view was calculated by multiplying the real field of view by the binocular magnification. (With this formula, apparent field of view wider than 65˚ is called wide field of view.)

After revision, Nikon’s figures are now based on the ISO 14132-1:2002 standard, and obtained by the following formula:

tan ω’ = τ x tan ω
Apparent field of view: 2ω’
Real field of view: 2ω
Magnification: τ
(With this formula, apparent field of view wider than 60° is called wide field of view.)

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For example, the apparent field of view of 8x binoculars with an 7.0°real field of view is as follows:
2ω’ = 2 x tan-1 (r x tan ω)

= 2 x tan-1 (8 x tan 3.5)
= 52.1
°

Relative Brightness
Relative brightness value is obtained by squaring the diameter of the exit pupil. The greater the relative brightness is, the brighter the image will be. With 8×42 binoculars, the brightness is (42÷8)2= 28.1. This means that if the magnification is the same, the larger the effective diameter of the objective lens, the brighter the image will be.

Do binoculars with the same exit pupil offer the same brightness?

No. Brightness may vary even if the exit pupil is the same. This is because the amount of light reaching the viewer’s eyes varies according to the number of lens elements and quality of lens/prism coatings. Superior optical design and highquality coating greatly contribute to the brightness of binoculars. Brightness values specified in product brochures, etc. are theoretical ones calculated in the design process. Please note these factors when comparing actual brightness values.

Prism Coatings
Multilayer coating is also applied to prisms to raise transmittance. A roof prism system has one surface that does not feature total internal reflection, so vapor deposition with metals, etc. must be used to raise the reflectivity of this surface. Also, phase-correction coating on roof surface ensures high-contrast images.
*Binoculars’ brightness and contrast are affected by not only prism coatings, but also the number of objective lens and eyepiece lens, and types of coatings.


http://binocularstelescopes.tektron.top/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Coatings._V202987056_.jpgMetal-vaporized, high-reflectivity prism coating
Using vacuum-vaporization technology, metallic material such as aluminum or silver is applied to the reverse side of a prism surface that is not totally reflective. This raises the reflectivity of the prism mirror surface.

Dielectric high-reflective multilayer prism coating
This coating features reflectance that exceeds 99%. By utilizing light interference, this coating assures high reflectivity across the full visible range, and ensures high color reproducibility.

http://binocularstelescopes.tektron.top/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ReflectiveCharacteristics._V202987021_.jpgReflectance characteristics of prism coatings on mirror surface
The horizontal axis indicates the wavelength of light. The vertical axis indicates the reflectance of light.
Binoculars’ brightness is determined not only by the reflective mirror, but also by the total optical system such as the number of lenses and quality of coatings.

Phase-correction coatinghttp://binocularstelescopes.tektron.top/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/PhaseCorrection._V202987059_.jpg
A roof (Dach) surface can cause phase shift of light that affects image resolution. This phenomenon is caused by phase differences arising from total light reflection on a roof (Dach) surface and it can occur with even a perfectly processed prism. Phase-correction coating is applied to the surface to minimize loss of resolution, ensuring high-contrast images.

Twilight Factor
The factor that has the greatest impact on resolution or image detail, will be dependent upon the amount of light available during the time of observation. During daylight hours, when your eye pupil size will be only about 2 to 3mm, magnification will be the principal factor in image resolution. At night, with the eye pupil dilated to 6 to 8mm, aperture size is the controlling factor. In twilight conditions both of these factors control resolution effectiveness and the twilight factor is the term that compares binocular performance under these conditions.

The twilight factor is calculated by taking the square root of the product of the magnification and the aperture. The higher the twilight factor, the better the resolution of the binocular when observing under dim light conditions. For example, a 10 X 40 (twilight factor 20) would effectively resolve better under these conditions than a 7 X 35 (twilight factor 15.4) even though the 10 X 40 has a smaller exit pupil. Remember, however, that the twilight factor does not take into account the transmittance or quality of the optical system.

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